Nnwale ọbara izugbe na biochemical na nkịta: ịkọwapụta ihe ngosi
ọdịnaya
Ụdị nyocha ọbara na nkịta
Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị ule na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọbara na nkịta, anyị ga-atụle ihe kachasị mkpa n'ime ha: nyocha izugbe (CCA) na nyocha ọbara biochemical (BC). Onye dọkịta nwere ahụmahụ, site n'ịtụle akụkọ ihe mere eme na ule nyocha, nwere ike ikpebi ntụziaka ịhọrọ na nchoputa na otu esi enyere onye ọrịa aka.
Nyocha izugbe
Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọbara zuru oke na nkịta ga-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke ọrịa, ike nke usoro mkpali, ọnọdụ anaemia na ndị ọzọ na-adịghị mma.
Isi ihe:
Hematocrit (Ht) - pasent nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie n'ihe metụtara oke ọbara. Ka mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie na-abawanye n'ọbara, ka ihe ngosi a ga-adị elu. Nke a bụ isi akara nke anaemia. Mmụba nke hematocrit anaghị ebutekarị ihe gbasara ụlọ ọgwụ, ebe mbelata ya bụ akara ọjọọ.
Hemoglobin (Hb) - protein mgbagwoju nke dị na erythrocytes na ikuku oxygen. Dị ka hematocrit, ọ na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu na nyocha nke anaemia. Mmụba ya nwere ike igosi ụkọ oxygen.
Mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie (RBC) - mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie na-ahụ maka ibufe oxygen na ihe ndị ọzọ ma bụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kasịnụ nke sel ọbara. Ọnụọgụ ha nwere njikọ chiri anya na ndenye hemoglobin ma nwee otu mkpa ụlọ ọgwụ.
Leukocytes (WBC) - mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha na-ahụ maka mgbochi, ịlụso ọrịa ọgụ. Otu a gụnyere ọtụtụ ụdị sel nwere ọrụ dị iche iche. A na-akpọ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụdị leukocytes dị iche iche na ibe ha leukogram na ọ dị oke mkpa na nkịta.
Neutrophils - dị nnọọ mkpagharị, nwee ike ịgafe ihe mgbochi anụ ahụ, na-ahapụ ọbara ma nwee ike phagocytosis (absorption) nke ndị ọrụ mba ọzọ dị ka nje, nje bacteria, protozoa. Enwere 2 otu neutrophils. Stab - neutrophils akabeghị aka, ha ka abanyela n'ọbara. Ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ha na-abawanye, ahụ ahụ na-emeghachi omume nke ọma na ọrịa ahụ, ebe oke nke ụdị neutrophils nke segmented (tozuru okè) ga-egosi ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala.
Eosinophils - obere ìgwè nke nnukwu sel, isi ihe kpatara ya bụ ọgụ megide nje nje multicellular. Mmụba ha fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mgbe niile na-egosi mbuso agha parasitic. Agbanyeghị, ọkwa ha nkịtị apụtaghị na anụ ụlọ enweghị nje nje.
Basophils - sel na-ahụ maka mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị ahụ na mmezi ya. Na nkịta, basophils na-abawanye adịkarịghị, n'adịghị ka ndị mmadụ, ọ bụrụgodị na enwere ihe nfụkasị ahụ.
Monocytes - mkpụrụ ndụ buru ibu nke nwere ike ịhapụ ọbara ma banye n'ime ihe ọ bụla na-elekwasị anya nke mbufụt. Ha bụ isi akụrụngwa nke pus. Na-abawanye na sepsis (nje bacteria na-abanye n'ọbara).
Lymphocytes - na-ahụ maka mgbochi kpọmkwem. N'ịbụ ndị zutere ọrịa, ha "chetara" nje ahụ ma mụta ịlụso ya ọgụ. Mmụba ha ga-egosi usoro na-efe efe, ha nwekwara ike ịbawanye na oncology. Mbelata ga-ekwu maka mgbochi immunosuppression, ọrịa ụmị ọkpụkpụ, nje.
Platelets - sel ndị na-abụghị nke nuklia, ọrụ bụ isi bụ ịkwụsị ọbara ọgbụgba. Ha ga-ebili mgbe niile na mfu ọbara, dị ka usoro nkwụghachi ụgwọ. Enwere ike ibelata ha n'ihi ihe abụọ: ma ọ bụ na ha na-efunahụ oke (nsi thrombotic, mfu ọbara, ọrịa na-efe efe), ma ọ bụ na ha etolitebeghị nke ọma ( etuto, ọrịa ụmị ọkpụkpụ, wdg). Mana ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eleda ha anya n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi ma ọ bụrụ na mkpụkọ ọbara etolite na tube ule (ihe nyocha).
Nyocha biochemical
Biochemistry nke ọbara nkịta ga-enyere aka ikpebi ma ọ bụ na-atụ aro ọrịa nke akụkụ ahụ nke ọ bụla, mana iji chọpụta nsonaazụ ya, ịkwesịrị ịghọta isi ihe ngosi nke ọ bụla.
Isi ihe:
Albumen bụ protein dị mfe, na-agbaze mmiri. Ọ na-etinye aka na ọtụtụ usoro, site na nri cell na njem vitamin. Mmụba ya enweghị uru ụlọ ọgwụ, ebe mbelata nwere ike igosi ọrịa siri ike na mfu protein ma ọ bụ mmebi nke metabolism ya.
ALT (alanine aminotransferase) enzyme a na-achọta n'ọtụtụ sel nke ahụ. Ọnụ ego ya kacha ukwuu dị na sel nke imeju, akụrụ, obi na akwara. Ihe ngosi na-abawanye na ọrịa nke akụkụ ndị a (karịsịa imeju). Ọ na-emekwa mgbe mmerụ ahụ gasịrị (n'ihi mmebi ahụ ike) na n'oge hemolysis (mbibi nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie).
AST (aspartate aminotransferase) - enzyme, dị ka ALT, dị n'ime imeju, mọzụlụ, myocardium, akụrụ, mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie, na mgbidi eriri afọ. Ọkwa ya fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mgbe niile na-emekọrịta ihe na ọkwa ALT, mana na myocarditis, ọkwa AST ga-adị elu karịa ọkwa ALT, ebe ọ bụ na AST dị n'ọtụtụ buru ibu na myocardium.
Alfa amylase - enzyme emepụtara na pancreas (PZh), maka mmebi nke carbohydrates. Amylase, dị ka ihe na-egosi, nwere ntakịrị ihe gbasara ụlọ ọgwụ. Ọ na-abanye n'ọbara site na duodenum, n'otu n'otu, mmụba ya nwere ike jikọta ya na mmụba nke permeability nke eriri afọ karịa ọrịa nke pancreas.
Bilirubin bụ pigmenti a na-ahụ na bile. Na-abawanye na ọrịa nke sistem hepatobiliary. Site na mmụba ya, akpụkpọ anụ mucous na-ewere ndò icteric (icteric).
GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase) - enzyme dị na sel imeju, pancreas, mammary gland, splin, eriri afọ, mana ahụghị ya na myocardium na mọzụlụ. Mmụba na ọkwa ya ga-egosi mmebi nke anụ ahụ nke dị n'ime ya.
Glucose - shuga dị mfe, ejiri ya dị ka isi iyi ike. Mgbanwe nke ọnụọgụ ya n'ọbara ga-ebute ụzọ na-egosi ọnọdụ nke metabolism. A ga-ejikọta ụkọ ya na ezughị oke oriri ya (n'oge agụụ) ma ọ bụ ọnwụ (nsi, ọgwụ ọjọọ). Mmụba ga-egosi ọrịa siri ike dịka ọrịa shuga, ọdịda akụrụ, wdg.
Creatinine bụ ngwaahịa mmebi protein. A na-ewepụ ya site na akụrụ, ya mere, ọ bụrụ na ọrụ ha na-akpaghasị, ọ ga-abawanye. Agbanyeghị, enwere ike ịbawanye ya na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, mmerụ ahụ, enweghị agụụ tupu nyocha ọbara.
Urea bụ njedebe nke ndakpọ protein. A na-emepụta Urea n'ime imeju ma na-ewepụ ya site na akụrụ. Na-abawanye na mmeri nke akụkụ ndị a. Mbelata na ọdịda imeju.
Alkaline phosphatase - enzyme dị na sel nke imeju, akụrụ, eriri afọ, pancreas, placenta, ọkpụkpụ. Na ọrịa nke gallbladder, alkaline phosphatase fọrọ nke nta ka ọ na-ebili mgbe niile. Ma ọ pụkwara ịba ụba n'oge ime ime, enteropathy, ọrịa nke oghere ọnụ, n'oge oge uto.
Ụkpụrụ nke paramita ọbara
N'ozuzu nyocha
Tebụlụ maka ịkọwa ụkpụrụ nke ndị na-egosi nyocha ọbara n'ozuzu na nkịta
Index | Nkịta okenye, nkịtị | Puppy, norm |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 120-180 | 90-120 |
Hematocrit (%) | 35-55 | 29-48 |
Erythrocytes (nde / µl) | 5.5-8.5 | 3.6-7.4 |
Leukocytes (puku / µl) | 5.5-16 | 5.5-16 |
Ụkwụ neutrophils (%) | 0-3 | 0-3 |
Neutrophils kewara (%) | 60-70 | 60-70 |
Monocytes (%) | 3-10 | 3-10 |
Lymphocytes (%) | 12-30 | 12-30 |
Platelet (puku/µl) | 140-480 | 140-480 |
Na nyocha biochemical
Ụkpụrụ nke egosi nyocha ọbara biochemical na nkịta
Index | Nkịta okenye, nkịtị | Puppy, norm |
Albumin (g/L) | 25-40 | 15-40 |
Ọla edo (nkeji/l) | 10-65 | 10-45 |
AST (nkeji / l) | 10-50 | 10-23 |
Alfa-amylase (nkeji/l) | 350-2000 | 350-2000 |
Bilirubin kpọmkwem Ngụkọta bilirubin (μmol/L) | ||
GGT (otu nkeji/l) | ||
Glucose (mmol / l) | 4.3-6.6 | 2.8-12 |
Urea (mmol / l) | 3-9 | 3-9 |
Creatinine (μmol / L) | 33-136 | 33-136 |
Alkaline phosphatase (u/l) | 10-80 | 70-520 |
Calcium (mmol / l) | 2.25-2.7 | 2.1-3.4 |
Phosphorus (mmol / l) | 1.01-1.96 | 1.2-3.6 |
Ngbanwe na ọnụọgụ ọbara
Nyocha izugbe
Deciphering a ọbara ule na nkịta
Index | N'elu ụkpụrụ | N'okpuru ụkpụrụ |
Haemoglobin Hematocrit Erythrocytes | akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ Hypoxia (ọrịa nke ngụgụ, obi) Tumor nke BMC | Anaemia nke ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala -Adịghị ala ala ọrịa akụrụ Ọnwụ ọbara Hemolysis Mwepu ígwè Ọrịa ụmị ọkpụkpụ Ebu ọnụ ogologo oge |
leukocytes | Ọrịa nje (bacteria, viral) nri nso nso a Pregnancy Usoro mkpali n'ozuzu | Ọrịa (dịka ọmụmaatụ, parvovirus enteritis) Mgbochi mgbochi Ọrịa ụmị ọkpụkpụ agba ọbara |
Neutrophils na-agbaji | Nnukwu mbufụt Nnukwu ọrịa | - |
Neutrophils na-ekewa | Ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala | Ọrịa nke KCM Ọnwụ ọbara Ụfọdụ ọrịa |
Monocytes | Ofufe ọrịa Tumors Ogbugbu | Ọrịa nke KCM mfu ọbara Mgbochi mgbochi |
Lymphocytes Na-achịkwa | -efe efe Tumor (gụnyere lymphoma) | Ọrịa nke KCM mfu ọbara Mgbochi mgbochi Ọrịa nje virus |
Platelet | Ọbara/ mmerụ ahụ na nso nso a Ọrịa nke KCM akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ | Ọnwụ ọbara Ihe hemolytic (nsị, ụfọdụ ọgwụ) Ọrịa nke KCM Mmebi nke tupu nyocha |
Nyocha biochemical
Ịchọpụta nyocha ọbara biochemical na nkịta
Index | N'elu ụkpụrụ | N'okpuru ụkpụrụ |
albumen | akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ | mmebi imeju Enteropathy ma ọ bụ nephropathy na-efunahụ protein -efe efe Ọnya akpụkpọ ahụ buru ibu (pyoderma, atopy, eczema) Enweghi ike iri protein Ọfụfụ / edema Ọnwụ ọbara |
ALT | Atrophy imeju Enweghị Pyridoxine | Ọrịa ịba ọcha n'anya (neoplasms, ịba ọcha n'anya, lipidosis imeju, wdg). Hypoxia Na-egbu egbu pancreatitis mmerụ |
AST | Atrophy imeju Enweghị Pyridoxine | Hepatopathy Nsi / ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè Eji corticosteroids Hypoxia imejọ Hemolysis pancreatitis |
Alfa amylase | - | akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ pancreatitis Akụrụ Enteropathies / mgbawa eriri afọ Hepatopathies Na-ewere corticosteroids |
Bilirubin | - | Hemolysis Ọrịa imeju na gallbladder |
NGG | - | Ọrịa imeju na gallbladder |
Glucose | Agụụ Tumors Nkem mmebi imeju Ime afọ ime | Diabetes Nchegbu/egwu Hepatocutaneous syndrome Hyperthyroidism Nguzogide insulin (ya na acromegaly, hyperadrenocorticism, wdg). |
urea | mmebi imeju Mfu nke protein Ascites Agụụ | akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ/hypovolemia/ujo Burns Renal ọdịda na mmebi akụrụ ndị ọzọ Na-egbu egbu |
Creatinine | Pregnancy Hyperthyroidism Cachexia | akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ/hypovolemia Akụrụ Heart ọdịda Nri protein dị elu (nri anụ) |
Alkaline phosphatase | - | Ọrịa imeju na gallbladder Ọgwụgwọ na anticonvulsants pancreatitis Afọ ntorobịa Ọrịa eze Ọrịa ọkpụkpụ (resorption, fractures) Tumors |
Kedu ka esi akwadebe nkịta maka usoro ahụ?
Isi iwu tupu nyocha ọbara bụ ịtachi obi agụụ.
Maka nkịta toro eto na-eru ihe karịrị kilogram 10, ibu ọnụ kwesịrị ịbụ awa 8-10.
O zuru ezu maka obere nkịta iji nagide agụụ maka awa 6-8, ha enweghị ike ịnwụ ogologo oge.
Maka ụmụ ọhụrụ ruo ọnwa 4, ọ ga-ezuru iji nọgide na-eri nri agụụ maka awa 4-6.
Mmiri tupu nyocha ekwesịghị oke.
Kedu ka esi enweta ọbara?
Dabere na ọnọdụ ahụ, dọkịta nwere ike were nyocha site na vein nke ihu ma ọ bụ azụ azụ.
Nke mbụ, a na-etinye njem nlegharị anya. A na-eji mmanya na-aba n'anya na-agwọ ebe injection nke agịga ahụ, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-anakọta ọbara na tubes ule.
Usoro ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị mma, ọ naghị egbu mgbu. Anụmanụ na-atụ egwu njem nlegharị anya karịa ka a na-eji agịga tụọ ya. Ọrụ nke ndị nwe ya n'ọnọdụ a bụ ime ka anụ ụlọ dị jụụ dị ka o kwere mee, gwa ya okwu ma ghara ịtụ egwu onwe gị, ọ bụrụ na nkịta ahụ eche na ị na-atụ egwu, ọ ga-atụ egwu ọbụna karị.
Azịza nye ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị
October 6 2021
Emelitere: October 7, 2021